DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

A.     DIRECT SPEECH.

Digunakan, untuk menyatakan isi pembicaraan seseorang dengan mengutip kata-katanya sebagaimana yang di ucapkan.

Jika:

Statement 
 
John said, "I will go to Bali Tonight.

Yes / No Question 
She asked, "Do you know the speaker's name?"

WH - Question 
The teacher asked Jane, "Why did you make many mistakes?"

Imperative 
She said to the boys, "Sit down!"

(negative)
She told me. "Don't speak!"

B. INDIRECT SPEECH.

Digunakan,untuk menyatakan isi pembicaraan tanpa seseorang mengutip kata-kata sebagaimana adanya.

JIKA:

THAT + statement
John said (that) he would go to Bali that night.

WHETHER/ IF + Statement
She asked me whether/if I knew the speaker's name.

WH -Statement
The teacher asked Jane why she had made many mistakes.

TO INFINITIVE
She told the boys To Sit down.

NOT to infinitive
She told me Not To Speak .

CATATAN

• Would, should, had better, might, used to dan could di dalamIndirect Speech tidak mengalami perubahan.
• Kata penghubung That boleh dihilangkan dalam Indirect Speech.

Tense change

As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense:

Direct speech		Indirect speech
Present simple  She said, "It's cold."	›	Past simple  She said it was cold.
Present continuous  She said, "I'm teaching English online."	›	Past continuous  She said she was teaching English online.
Present perfect simple  She said, "I've been on the web since 1999."	›	Past perfect simple  She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous  She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years."	›	Past perfect continuous  She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
Past simple  She said, "I taught online yesterday."	›	Past perfect  She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous  She said, "I was teaching earlier."	›	Past perfect continuous  She said she had been teaching earlier.
Past perfect  She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived."	›	Past perfect  NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes."	›	Past perfect continuous  NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.

Modal verb forms also sometimes change:

Direct speech		Indirect speech
will  She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow."	›	would  She said she would teach English online tomorrow.
can  She said, "I can teach English online."	›	could  She said she could teach English online.
must  She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online."	›	had to  She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.
shall  She said, "What shall we learn today?"	›	should  She asked what we should learn today.
may  She said, "May I open a new browser?"	›	might  She asked if she might open a new browser.